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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a prevalent condition of the nervous system that affects around 4,4 percent of the population. It is accompanied by high rates of co-morbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, substance abuse) and significant emotional, social, and occupational impairments. Medications and psychotherapy are both effective treatments for adults with ADHD. The stimulants methylphenidate and amphetamine are the most commonly prescribed medications. Medicines Many adults suffering from ADHD experience significant improvements in their symptoms and performance due to medication. Due to the many different ways that people react to medications, it is important for individuals with ADHD to discover a combination that works best. Stimulants, like amphetamines and methylphenidate are the most frequently prescribed drugs for adults suffering from ADHD. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form, and can be taken as often as every three to four hours. Some adults can supplement their immediate-release dose with an extended-release or long-acting medication that is taken daily to decrease the requirement for frequent doses throughout the day. Adults with ADHD can also be treated successfully with antidepressants like desipramine. This class of drugs can be used alone or in conjunction with stimulants to increase their effects. They can also increase the risk of serious adverse consequences, like rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists such as alprazolam and clonidine can also be used to treat adults with ADHD. These drugs were initially developed to treat hypertension. They are calming and may improve focus and decrease hyperactivity and impulseivity in certain adults. However, these medications could cause a drop in blood pressure if they are suddenly cut off or reduced in dosage. Psychotherapy is also useful for adults with ADHD. Individual therapy can help them cope with their feelings of shame and embarrassment regarding their ADHD as well as anger toward supervisors, colleagues teachers, family members and others who might nag or criticize them. Family and marriage counseling is a great method to help couples with ADHD better understand each other and improve their communication. Behavioral Therapy One of the main goals of psychosocial therapy for adults ADHD is to impart skills and strategies that improve performance in everyday life. Psychotherapy can help those who suffer from ADHD overcome their low self-esteem, and the feeling of inadequacy they often feel. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists individuals in changing the negative thoughts that create problems in their lives and to learn new ways of thinking and feeling, as well as acting. This short-term, goal-oriented type of psychotherapy has proven to be effective in treating a variety of conditions, including depression and anxiety. It can be used alone or in combination with other therapies. CBT can include group therapy. This is especially beneficial for adults with ADHD as it allows them to meet others who have similar struggles and learn how they manage their ADHD symptoms. CBT can be offered in person or over the phone. One study compared the results of CBT in comparison to standard therapy for adults with ADHD and found that both treatments produced improvement in self-report assessments of functioning, symptoms and quality of life. CBT has been compared to other psychosocial treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. All of these studies demonstrate significant reductions in ADHD symptoms and effects, with sizes that range from moderate to large. These improvements were attributed to diverse modalities like interpersonal and cognitive behavior therapy and social skills training. problem solving training, and mindfulness mediation. It is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments for adult ADHD with caution. It is possible that the differences in the results of treatment are due to a range of factors, including the treatment features and the methods employed. A few studies have looked into the effectiveness neurofeedback. This method involves wearing a hat with electrodes while performing cognitive tasks in order to determine brain regions where there is a lack or excess of activity. The individual is then taught to regulate these patterns. Counseling Many people suffering from ADHD also have comorbid mood or anxiety disorders that need treatment. Counseling can help to address these problems, which may be contributing to the ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is among the psychotherapy approaches which can improve the ability of individuals to resolve conflicts and develop meaningful relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to alter negative behaviors and assist in reducing self-destructive and impulsive behaviors which can lead to issues at school or at work. In some instances, psychotherapy is used as an adjunct to medications for adult adhd treatment for adults. Patients with co-occurring disorders like substance abuse, depression, and bipolar disorder should be assessed to ensure that their symptoms are not worsened by the medications used to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, like thyroid disorders, lead poisoning, and a history or seizures, must be treated more aggressively. Outpatient intensive programs may be suggested if the individual's ADHD is such that it hinders their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs offer a more intensive and controlled treatment than standard outpatient therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists adults suffering from ADHD improve their ability to manage time management and impulse control, as well as organizing, and executive function. It helps them recognize and express feelings and utilizes activities and worksheets to make the learning interesting. The practice of mindfulness meditation improves CBT and enhances the capacity of a person to concentrate and regulate emotions. It increases the capacity of a person to tolerate stress and arousal. It can help them cope with sadness, anger, and other emotions which could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD frequently have difficulty functioning at home and at work. In addition to affecting work performance, these conditions can cause problems with relationships and may result in financial issues. Therapy that addresses these issues will allow you build confidence in yourself and solve the underlying issues. It will also assist you in developing healthy coping methods. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a successful treatment for adults with ADHD and teaches them how to change their negative attitudes and behavior. It focuses on teaching techniques for managing time and overcoming thinking distortions that can cause negative moods, and the perception of a limited number of choices. Many people who suffer from ADHD also suffer from comorbid depression or anxiety disorders. These psychiatric illnesses may aggravate or diminish the effectiveness of some medications used to treat ADHD. Therefore it is recommended that you treat the most severe disorder comorbid to ADHD first and observe the effect of medication prior to beginning treatment for the other disorder. Occupational therapy can help you organize your life and work by establishing predictable routines to manage your money and time, and develop confidence in yourself. It can also help you master relaxation techniques that can reduce your hyperactivity and impulsivity. Similarly yoga and other exercises can help you improve your focus by stabilizing the body in different poses. Marriage and family counseling can help address the issues that adults with ADHD frequently create for their spouses, children and their families. They frequently complain of being unreliable and disorganized. They are also prone to forget things or make decisions impulsively. Therapy and classes where spouses and other family members are taught about ADHD can help you establish more harmonious relationships. It can also help you and your family members realize that the problem is due to ADHD, rather than an inability to care or a refusal to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is an neurobiological disorder that is very common. It is often associated with co-occurring conditions like anxiety, depression and abuse disorders. The use of medication and psychosocial interventions is available as treatment options. There are a variety of medications available for adults with ADHD. Certain of these medications have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have revealed the strengths and drawbacks of the various medications. Adults with ADHD suffer from the same issues as children, but it can be difficult to identify them since the symptoms of childhood may not persist into adulthood. Adults with ADHD might not have any family history of the disorder or may not remember symptoms. A thorough medical history is necessary to help determine whether the symptoms are due to a medical condition such as a thyroid problem, sleep apnea, hearing and vision problems or lead poisoning. Adults suffering from ADHD are treated with stimulants or nonstimulants. Stimulants are the most effective drugs for treating adults with ADHD, and their responsiveness rates are in the 70 – 80% range. Amphetamine as well as methylphenidate are the most frequently prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate is also available in a transdermal system, that allows for continuous drug delivery throughout the day. Adults with ADHD are able to take nonstimulant medication that are based on norepinephrine, or dopamine. Desipramine, which is the most researched tricyclic, has been proven to work in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose medicine and should be increased by 50 mg every 7 days until the desired response is observed. Bupropion XL is a second antidepressant that has been shown to be effective in adults with ADHD. best treatment for adhd in adults is a dopamine agonist that works by blocking norepinephrine reuptake in the presynaptic cellular transporter and increasing its presence in the brain. This drug has been shown to improve mood and decrease hyperactivity in adults, but it isn't as effective as stimulants when it comes to improving concentration or cognitive function.